Case No. UKUT-00542-(IAC)

[2002] EWCA Civ 90, at [61] – [63]. Furthermore, the hypothetical fair minded observer is a person of balance and temperance, “ … neither complacent nor unduly sensitive or suspicious ”, per Lord Steyn in Lawal at [14]. Finally, it is appropriate to emphasise that the doctrine of apparent bias has its roots in a principle of some longevity and indisputable pedigree, namely the requirement that justice not only be done but manifestly be seen to be done: see, for example,