Akrich
, (Case C- 109/01 ); [2003] ECRI – 9607, the ECJ made clear that the right identified in Surinder Singh arises where the national concerned returns to his Member State of origin in either an employed or self employed capacity: see [47] – [48] especially. The focus is on re-entry to the EU citizen ’ s Member Sta te , rather than departure there from. The concept of deterrence, or discouragement, features strongly in the Court’s judgment. As the Court’s case law developed subsequently, one of its themes was that of