core
question for us to grapple with is one of interpretation: d oes the term “existed” in para 352A(iii) of the Rules mean that an applicant’s relationship with the refugee immediately prior to the departure of the latter from their country of former habitual residence had to have the qualitative character istic of being subsisting ? 3. The ECO asserts that the answer to this question is “yes” . The Claimant contends that the term denotes a state of affairs without any qualitative constituent. In other words, there is no need to show that the relevant relationship had more than formal content at the time of the refugee’s departure.
Background
4. This is a n appeal by the ECO against the decision of First-tier Tribunal Judge Gribble (“the judge”), promulgated on 31 May 2019, in which she allowed the Claimant’s appeal against the ECO ’s decision of 4 June 2018, refusing to