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Conclusions
Notice of Decision
The appellants appeals are dismissed.
V. Mandalia
Upper Tribunal Judge Mandalia
Judge of the Upper Tribunal
Immigration and Asylum Chamber
7 March 2024
- Heading
- Introduction
- The Agreed Facts
- The Issues
- Our Approach
- The Appellants’ case in summary
- TOEIC Testing
- Types of toeic fraud
- DK & RK (ETS: SSHD evidence; proof) India [2022] UKUT 00112 IAC
- The correct approach to the standard of proof where fraud is alleged
- Whether the evidence adduced by the SSHD is sufficient to meet the evidential burden
- Inherent Probability and Improbability
- The General Evidence of Fraud
- ETS
- Expert Evidence
- London College of Social Studies (“LCSS”)
- correct approach that a Tribunal should take to assessing whether, where there is a case to answer, the respondent’s evidence is to be preferred to that of an individual who denies fraud
- These Appeals
- Conclusions