Authorities and documents
Authorities and documents
The authorities, to which we were referred by the parties included:
Tolsma v Inspecteur der Omzetbelasting Leeuwarden (Case 16/93) [1994] STC 509 (‘Tolsma’);
C & E Comrs v Redrow Group plc [1999] 1 WLR 408; [1999] STC 161 (‘Redrow’);
A1 Lofts Ltd v HMRC [2010] UKFTT 581 (TC) (‘A1 Lofts’);
R & C Comrs v Loyalty Management UK Ltd and Baxi Group Ltd v R & C Comrs (Joined Cases C-53/09 and C-55/09) [2010] STC 2651 (‘Loyalty Management (CJEU)’);
Lower Mill Estate v HMRC[2011] STC 636 (‘Lower Mill Estate’);
HMRC v Aimia Coalition Loyalty UK Ltd (formerly known as Loyalty Management UK Ltd) [2013] UKSC 15, [2013] STC 784 (‘Aimia’);
WHA Ltd v R & C Comrs[2013] UKSC 24; [2013] 2 All ER 907; [2013] STC 943 (‘WHA Ltd’);
Secret Hotels 2 Limited v HMRC[2014] UKSC 16, [2014] 2 All ER 685 (‘Secret Hotels’);
Adecco (UK) Ltd & Ors v HMRC[2018] EWCA Civ 1794 (‘Adecco’);
R & C Comrs v Newey [2013] STC 2432 (‘Newey (CJEU)’)
HMRC v Newey (t/a Ocean Finance)[2018] EWCA Civ 791, [2018] STC 1054 (‘Newey’);
HMRC v Airtours Holidays Transport Ltd[2016] UKSC 21, [2016] 4 WLR 87; [2016] STC 1509 (‘Airtours’);
National Car Parks Ltd v HMRC[2019] EWCA Civ 854, [2019] 3 All ER 590 (‘National Car Parks’);
All Answers Ltd v HMRC [2020] UKUT 236 (TCC) (‘All Answers’);
Trustees of the BT Pension Scheme v HMRC [2016] STC 66 (‘BT Pension Scheme’);
Metropolitan International Schools v HMRC [2019] EWCA Civ 156 (‘MIS’);
KSM Henryk Zeman SP Z.o.o. v HMRC [2021] STC 1706 (‘KSM’);
Hoey v HMRC [2022] EWCA Civ 656 (‘Hoey’);
Caerdav Ltd v HMRC[2023] UKUT 179 (TCC) (‘Cardev’);
Queenscourt v HMRC [2024] UKFTT 460 (TC) (‘Queenscourt’);
Treasures of Brazil Ltd v HMRC [2024] UKFTT 929 (TC) (‘Treasures of Brazil’); and
Veolia ES Landfill Ltd & Anor v HMRC[2016] EWHC 1880 (Admin) (‘Veolia’).
The documents to which we were referred included: (i) the Hearing Bundle consisting of 1354 pages; (ii) the Authorities Bundle consisting of 1284 pages; (iii) the Appellant’s Skeleton Argument dated 25 April 2025; and (iv) HMRC’s Skeleton Argument dated 7 May 2025.
- Heading
- Introduction
- Issues
- Burden and standard of proof
- Authorities and documents
- Background facts
- The Retail Offering
- The Fitters
- The Fitting Service
- The Installation Process
- HMRC’s enquiries
- The Assessments
- Relevant law
- The PVD
- VATA
- Evidence and submissions
- Findings of fact
- Discussion
- The Supply Issue
- A supply
- Of goods or services for consideration
- Tolsma
- National Car Parks
- Redrow
- Aimia
- Airtours
- WHA Ltd
- The legal relationship and the importance of the contractual terms
- Secret Hotels
- Adecco
- All Answers
- Application of the caselaw to the facts
- Contractual Terms and Conditions pre-August 2020
- The first agreement: between the Appellant and the customer
- The second agreement: between the Appellant and the fitter
- The third agreement: between the customer and the fitter
- Contractual Terms and Conditions post-August 2020
- The first agreement: between the Appellant and the customer
- The second agreement: between the customer and the fitter
- The third agreement: between the Appellant and the fitter
- Online sales
- Stage 2 - Economic and Commercial Reality
- Stage 3 – Identifying the Supplier
- Issue 2: The Legitimate Expectation Issue
- Conclusions
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