Issue 4 - Likelihood of confusion
129.It is for me to assess the likelihood of confusion globally, taking account of all relevant factors, and judging the matter through the eyes of the average consumer who is reasonably well informed, reasonably circumspect and observant; who rarely has the chance to make direct comparisons between marks and must instead rely upon the imperfect picture of them that he was kept in his mind; and who has the additional attributes that I have previously identified. 130.In this case, the goods and services to which the Registered Mark and the ORANMORE Signs and First Defendant’s Device are used are identical. I have found the Registered Mark to be highly distinctive. I have found the Registered Mark and the ORANMORE Signs to have a high degree of similarity and the Registered Mark and the ORANMORE Signs plus First Defendant’s Device to have a somewhat lower but still relatively high degree of similarity. I have found some evidence in support of the contention that the association between the mark and signs causes the public to wrongly believe that the respective goods and services come from the same or economically linked undertakings. For those reasons, I am satisfied that all of the disputed uses by the Defendants of the ORANMORE Signs alone or with the First Defendant’s Device give rise to a likelihood of confusion.
- Defendants
- INTRODUCTION
- WITNESSES
- The claims
- www.oranmore.co.uk
- Undisputed issues
- Oran’s position - Infringement
- Oran’s Position - Passing off
- Oranmore’s Defences
- Relevant matrix of facts
- Findings of fact on disputed issues
- The Law
- Rainy Sky SA v Kookmin Bank
- Co-operative Wholesale Society Ltd v National Westminster Bank plc
- Arnold v Britton & Ors
- Rainy Sky
- Submissions and discussion by issue
- Factual context
- Documentary context
- Bank of Credit and Commerce International SA v Ali
- Commercial context
- Decision on scope of the Compromise Agreement
- Watts v Aldington
- Co-operative Wholesale Society Ltd v National Westminster Bank
- Hutton v Eyre
- Conclusion – Compromise Agreement
- TRADE MARK INFRINGEMENT
- Interflora v Marks & Spencer
- Specsavers International Healthcare Ltd v Asda Stores Ltd
- Comic Enterprises Ltd v Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp
- Specsavers
- Maier
- Interflora
- Honda Motor Co Ltd v Neesam
- Issues 3 and 4 - Is there similarity between Oranmore Signs and the Registered Mark such that, when used with identical goods and services, there is a likelihood of confusion?
- Issue 3 - Comparison between Registered Mark and signs
- Issue 5 - Evidence of actual confusion
- Issue 4 - Likelihood of confusion
- Copyright Licence
- Zino Davidoff SA v AG Import Ltd (and others)
- Zino Davidoff SA v A & G Imports Limited and Levi Strauss & Co v Tesco Stores Limited
- Mastercigars Direct Ltd v Hunters & Frankau Ltd
- Davidoff
- Issues 15 - 20 – Acquiescence
- Conclusion on infringement
- PASSING OFF
- Reckitt & Colman Product v Borden
- Annex 1
