[2024] UKUT 171 (AAC)

The appeal to the Upper Tribunal

Upper Tribunal Judge Jacobs gave RR permission to appeal and directed a hearing of the appeal. The hearing took place on the morning of 20 May 2024. There was insufficient time for Ms Hartley’s closing submissions or Mr van der Wal’s reply, so we allowed these to be made in writing. Ms Hartley provided her submissions by email at 14:30 that afternoon. Mr van der Wal responded at 15:22, saying he had no further submission. We are grateful to both and to RR for his evidence.