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The WA in detail
The WA in detail
Article 10 provides, in full, as follows:
"Personal scope
Without prejudice to Title III, this Part shall apply to the following persons:
Union citizens who exercised their right to reside in the United Kingdom in accordance with Union law before the end of the transition period and continue to reside there thereafter;
United Kingdom nationals who exercised their right to reside in a Member State in accordance with Union law before the end of the transition period and continue to reside there thereafter;
Union citizens who exercised their right as frontier workers in the United Kingdom in accordance with Union law before the end of the transition period and continue to do so thereafter;
United Kingdom nationals who exercised their right as frontier workers in one or more Member States in accordance with Union law before the end of the transition period and continue to do so thereafter;
family members of the persons referred to in points (a) to (d), provided that they fulfil one of the following conditions:
they resided in the host State in accordance with Union law before the end of the transition period and continue to reside there thereafter;
they were directly related to a person referred to in points (a) to (d) and resided outside the host State before the end of the transition period, provided that they fulfil the conditions set out in point (2) of Article 2 of Directive 2004/38/EC at the time they seek residence under this Part in order to join the person referred to in points (a) to (d) of this paragraph;
they were born to, or legally adopted by, persons referred to in points (a) to (d) after the end of the transition period, whether inside or outside the host State, and fulfil the conditions set out in point (2)(c) of Article 2 of Directive 2004/38/EC at the time they seek residence under this Part in order to join the person referred to in points (a) to (d) of this paragraph and fulfil one of the following conditions:
— both parents are persons referred to in points (a) to (d);
— one parent is a person referred to in points (a) to (d) and the other is a national of the host State; or
— one parent is a person referred to in points (a) to (d) and has sole or joint rights of custody of the child, in accordance with the applicable rules of family law of a Member State or of the United Kingdom, including applicable rules of private international law under which rights of custody established under the law of a third State are recognised in the Member State or in the United Kingdom, in particular as regards the best interests of the child, and without prejudice to the normal operation of such applicable rules of private international law;
family members who resided in the host State in accordance with Articles 12 and 13, Article 16(2) and Articles 17 and 18 of Directive 2004/38/EC before the end of the transition period and continue to reside there thereafter.
Persons falling under points (a) and (b) of Article 3(2) of Directive 2004/38/EC whose residence was facilitated by the host State in accordance with its national legislation before the end of the transition period in accordance with Article 3(2) of that Directive shall retain their right of residence in the host State in accordance with this Part, provided that they continue to reside in the host State thereafter.
Paragraph 2 shall also apply to persons falling under points (a) and (b) of Article 3(2) of Directive 2004/38/EC who have applied for facilitation of entry and residence before the end of the transition period, and whose residence is being facilitated by the host State in accordance with its national legislation thereafter.
Without prejudice to any right to residence which the persons concerned may have in their own right, the host State shall, in accordance with its national legislation and in accordance with point (b) of Article 3(2) of Directive 2004/38/EC, facilitate entry and residence for the partner with whom the person referred to in points (a) to (d) of paragraph 1 of this Article has a durable relationship, duly attested, where that partner resided outside the host State before the end of the transition period, provided that the relationship was durable before the end of the transition period and continues at the time the partner seeks residence under this Part.
In the cases referred to in paragraphs 3 and 4, the host State shall undertake an extensive examination of the personal circumstances of the persons concerned and shall justify any denial of entry or residence to such persons."
Article 13 of the WA provides that those within scope of Article 10 are entitled to reside in the host State (in this case the United Kingdom), subjection to various limitations, and at Article 13 (4) provides:
The host State may not impose any limitations or conditions for obtaining, retaining or losing residence rights on the persons referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, other than those provided for in this Title. There shall be no discretion in applying the limitations and conditions provided for in this Title, other than in favour of the person concerned.
Article 18.1 and Article 18.3 of the WA provide:
The host State may require Union citizens or United Kingdom nationals, their respective family members and other persons, who reside in its territory in accordance with the conditions set out in this Title, to apply for a new residence status which confers the rights under this Title and a document evidencing such status which may be in a digital form.
…
Pending a final decision by the competent authorities on any application referred to in paragraph 1, and pending a final judgment handed down in case of judicial redress sought against any rejection of such application by the competent administrative authorities, all rights provided for in this Part shall be deemed to apply to the applicant, including Article 21 on safeguards and right of appeal, subject to the conditions set out in Article 20(4).
Articles 20 and 21 of the WA provide:
Article 20
The conduct of Union citizens or United Kingdom nationals, their family members, and other persons, who exercise rights under this Title, where that conduct occurred before the end of the transition period, shall be considered in accordance with Chapter VI of Directive 2004/38/EC.
The conduct of Union citizens or United Kingdom nationals, their family members, and other persons, who exercise rights under this Title, where that conduct occurred after the end of the transition period, may constitute grounds for restricting the right of residence by the host State or the right of entry in the State of work in accordance with national legislation.
The host State or the State of work may adopt the necessary measures to refuse, terminate or withdraw any right conferred by this Title in the case of the abuse of those rights or fraud, as set out in Article 35 of Directive 2004/38/EC. Such measures shall be subject to the procedural safeguards provided for in Article 21 of this Agreement.
The host State or the State of work may remove applicants who submitted fraudulent or abusive applications from its territory under the conditions set out in Directive 2004/38/EC, in particular Articles 31 and 35 thereof, even before a final judgment has been handed down in the case of judicial redress sought against any rejection of such an application.
Article 21
The safeguards set out in Article 15 and Chapter VI of Directive 2004/38/EC shall apply in respect of any decision by the host State that restricts residence rights of the persons referred to in Article 10 of this Agreement.
- Heading
- Introduction
- Procedural history
- Broad outline of the issues
- The Law
- Background
- Domestic law on deportation
- The WA in detail
- Appendix EU of the Immigration Rules
- Discussion
- The Divisional Court set out the general principles on this issue at [80]
- ZA
- AS (Szuba)
- Rudas Rudokas (“RR”)
- The appeal will be listed to be remade in the Upper Tribunal on a date to be fixed
- The parties are therefore directed to prepare and serve 10 working days before the next hearing in electronic form
- The appeal will be listed to be remade in the Upper Tribunal on a date to be fixed
- RR The Secretary of State has stated in his email of 14 February 2024 that: “ Mr Rudokas’ human rights appeal can be dealt with by the FTT as a new matter in his existing appeal under the CRA Regulations
- CHRONOLOGY & LIST OF ISSUES
- 2008: A claims to have moved with his family move to the United Kingdom
- 22 Sept 2010: A convicted of failing to comply with CRO/CPO (unpaid work requirement imposed) [328]
- 25 Oct 2017: A convicted of battery [328]
- 30 July 2021: A convicted of offence (inflicting GBH without intent) in connection with the 28 Nov 2019 incident and is sentenced to 18 months imprisonment (reduced on appeal to 12 months) [343]
- 9 Sept 2021: A begins prison sentence 11 Oct 2021: SSHD notify A of intention to deport due to his conviction [348] [360]
- 15 Nov 2021: A’s solicitors submit representations resisting deportation [361]
- 3 May 2022: SSHD notifies A of decision to
- 9 May 2022: A served with deportation decision/order 9 May 2022: A files appeal on basis that the SSHD’s decision [15]
- 2 Nov 2022: Appeal heard by FTT (Judge Coutts) against both the human rights and EUSS decisions
- 20 Dec 2022: FTT decision handed down
- 4 May 2023: UT (Judge Kebede) grants SSHD’s appeal on basis that
- LIST OF ISSUES For the Home Office (pursuant to para. 27(a)(i) of the UT’s decision): the SSHD to provide “ confirmation of the relevant decision made in relation to the appellant’s deportation, given the apparent i
- In respect of A’s appeal under the Immigration (Citizens’ Rights Appeals) (EU Exit) Regulations 2020 (“the Appeals Regs”)
- CHRONOLOGY & LIST OF ISSUES
- 9 Nov 2021: S’s sols provide submissions in response to deportation decision, including raising human rights claim [A/39]
- 23 May 2022: SSHD decision to
- 30 May 2022: S appealed against (i) human rights claim refusal and (ii) deportation order on the basis that [A/67]
- 30 June 2022: S applies under EUSS again allegedly on SSHD advice (previous application deleted) 21 Dec 2022: Appeal heard (Judge Dixon)
- 3 Feb 2023: SSHD appeals on basis that
- 24 Feb 2023: PTA granted on both grounds (Judge Curtis)
- 18 March 2023: S released from prison(?) [A/22] What is the source and scope of S’s right of appeal to the FTT?
- If so, is the error material such that the FTT decision is required to be set aside and re-made? Did the FTT materially err in deciding that S had made an application under the EUSS in February 2020?
- Without prejudice to the above, in deciding the appeal additional potential issues are
- CHRONOLOGY
- 13 July 2022: R convicted of money laundering/weapons possession offences (2-year prison sentence and POC (£384,120.19)) [8]
- 9 Aug 2022: SSHD gives notice of Stage 1 decision to deport under United Kingdom Borders Act 2007 / Immigration Act 1971 [11] 23 Aug 2022: R appeals 9 August 2022 Stage 1 decision to deport on (i) human rights grounds (Art. 8) and (ii) that his depor
- 13 Oct 2022: R placed in immigration detention [71]
- Feb 2023: SSHD applies for permission to appeal on two grounds
- LIST OF ISSUES – TO BE DETERMINED AT ERROR OF LAW HEARING UNLESS PARTIES AGREE THERE WAS AN ERROR OF LAW What was the scope of R’s right of appeal against the decision of 9 August 2022?
- Conclusions