CL-2018-000297, CL-2018-000404, CL-2018-000590, - [2025] EWHC 2364 (Comm)

In JP SPC4 v Royal Bank of Scotland International Ltd [2022] UKPC 18, [2023] AC 461, the Privy Council judgment summarised the factors that examination of the case law shows to have been “of particular relevance in determining whether there is an assumption of responsibility in relation to a task or service undertaken” as including:

“(i)

the purpose of the task or service and whether it is for the benefit of the claimant; (ii) the defendant’s knowledge and whether it is or ought to be known that the claimant will be relying on the defendant’s performance of the task or service with reasonable care; and (iii) the reasonableness of the claimant’s reliance on the performance of the task or service by the defendant with reasonable care.”