The First-tier Tribunal’s decision
The First-tier Tribunal’s decision
The structure of the decision
As we have indicated, the FTT allowed the appeal in part. The decision itself commenced with a substituted Decision Notice in the form of the SEN. The FTT’s reasons then ran to some 45 pages and 187 paragraphs. The FTT started with an introduction and a review of background matters, focussing on the Information Commissioner’s EN ([1]-[30]). This was followed by a detailed account of Experian’s grounds of appeal ([31]-[46]) and the Information Commissioner’s response ([47]-[55]). The FTT then dealt with the hearing and in particular reviewed the oral evidence tendered on behalf of the parties at some length ([57]-[110]). In the next section, entitled “The Tribunal’s Function”, the FTT included relevant provisions of the DPA 2018, followed by Articles 4-7, 12 and 13-14 of the GDPR ([111]-[129]). The FTT set out their “Findings” at [130]-[171] and then their conclusions in a section headed “Has there been a breach as the Information Commissioner submits?” at [172]-[187].
- Heading
- THE HON. MRS JUSTICE HEATHER WILLIAMS DBE
- Hearing dates: 6-8 February 2024
- The structure of the Upper Tribunal’s decision
- Abbreviations
- Glossary
- The nature of Experian’s data processing
- The Information Commissioner’s Enforcement Notice
- Experian’s appeal to the First-tier Tribunal
- The Information Commissioner’s case before the First-tier Tribunal
- The hearing before the First-tier Tribunal
- The First-tier Tribunal’s decision
- The First-tier Tribunal’s findings
- The First-tier Tribunal’s conclusions
- The Substituted Enforcement Notice
- The Information Commissioner’s grounds of appeal to the Upper Tribunal
- The legal framework
- The Upper Tribunal’s “error of law” jurisdiction
- Adequacy of reasons
- Enforcement notices and appeals against them
- Recitals to the GDPR
- Proportionality
- The European Data Protection Board: decisions and guidelines
- Summary of relevant aspects of the transparency principle in the GDPR
- The parties’ overarching submissions
- Ground 1
- Experian’s submissions
- Alleged overarching errors: discussion and conclusions
- Alleged failure to address Article 5(1)(a) GDPR
- Alleged failure to identify the applicable standard of transparency
- The nature of the processing
- Relevance of the reasonable expectations of data subjects
- Alleged specific errors: discussion and conclusions
- Use of hyperlinks to the CIP
- Suggestion that people do not care about what happens to their data
- How the FTT addressed the reasonable expectations of data subjects
- Concluding observations on Ground 1
- Ground 2
- Experian’s submissions
- Alleged overarching error: discussion and conclusion
- Alleged specific errors: discussion and conclusions
- Article 14(5)(a) and whether the data subject already “has” the information
- The route from the third party suppliers to the CIP
- Article 14(5)(b)
- Concluding observations on Ground 2
- Ground 3
- Experian’s submissions
- Discussion and conclusions
- Ground 5
- Experian’s submissions
- Discussion and conclusions
- Conclusions
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