The hearing before the First-tier Tribunal
The hearing before the First-tier Tribunal
The FTT (Upper Tribunal Judge Rintoul, Tribunal Judge Griffin and Tribunal Member Grimley Evans) heard extensive evidence and submissions over six days (17, 19-21 & 31 January 2022 & 11 February 2022), with the hearing bundles running to several thousands of pages, supplemented by skeleton arguments and closing submissions which in themselves ran to several hundred pages. Experian’s witnesses were Ms Shearman (senior product manager), Mr Bendon (product director), Mr Cresswell (data protection and privacy lead), Mr Grieves (managing director of UK marketing services business) and Mr Parker (economist and expert witness). The Commissioner’s witnesses were Mr Hulme (director of regulatory assurance) and Mr Reynolds (economist and expert witness). After the conclusion of the evidence and at the request of the FTT, the parties provided a Schedule of agreed and disputed facts.
Although the parties made their closing submissions on 11 February 2022, the FTT’s decision was not signed off until just over a year later on 17 February 2023 and promulgated on 20 February 2023. No apology or explanation was evident on the face of the FTT’s decision for this lengthy and most regrettable delay.
- Heading
- THE HON. MRS JUSTICE HEATHER WILLIAMS DBE
- Hearing dates: 6-8 February 2024
- The structure of the Upper Tribunal’s decision
- Abbreviations
- Glossary
- The nature of Experian’s data processing
- The Information Commissioner’s Enforcement Notice
- Experian’s appeal to the First-tier Tribunal
- The Information Commissioner’s case before the First-tier Tribunal
- The hearing before the First-tier Tribunal
- The First-tier Tribunal’s decision
- The First-tier Tribunal’s findings
- The First-tier Tribunal’s conclusions
- The Substituted Enforcement Notice
- The Information Commissioner’s grounds of appeal to the Upper Tribunal
- The legal framework
- The Upper Tribunal’s “error of law” jurisdiction
- Adequacy of reasons
- Enforcement notices and appeals against them
- Recitals to the GDPR
- Proportionality
- The European Data Protection Board: decisions and guidelines
- Summary of relevant aspects of the transparency principle in the GDPR
- The parties’ overarching submissions
- Ground 1
- Experian’s submissions
- Alleged overarching errors: discussion and conclusions
- Alleged failure to address Article 5(1)(a) GDPR
- Alleged failure to identify the applicable standard of transparency
- The nature of the processing
- Relevance of the reasonable expectations of data subjects
- Alleged specific errors: discussion and conclusions
- Use of hyperlinks to the CIP
- Suggestion that people do not care about what happens to their data
- How the FTT addressed the reasonable expectations of data subjects
- Concluding observations on Ground 1
- Ground 2
- Experian’s submissions
- Alleged overarching error: discussion and conclusion
- Alleged specific errors: discussion and conclusions
- Article 14(5)(a) and whether the data subject already “has” the information
- The route from the third party suppliers to the CIP
- Article 14(5)(b)
- Concluding observations on Ground 2
- Ground 3
- Experian’s submissions
- Discussion and conclusions
- Ground 5
- Experian’s submissions
- Discussion and conclusions
- Conclusions
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