Erbil, Sulaymaniyah and Dahuk
112. In Dr Fatah’s opinion the IKR “is virtually violence free, and only exceptional one offs disrupt this” . The most recent security incident in the IKR referred to in Dr Fatah’s evidence was a suicide car bomb outside the governorate office in Erbil on 19 November 2014, which killed six people, including the driver, and wounded dozens. Prior to that there was a bomb in Erbil on 29 September 2013, which also killed six people. The Home Office April 2015 CIG also makes reference to the November 2014 attack, but identifies there having been 10 deaths as a consequence. It concludes that the IKR is stable and has very low levels of violence. 113. The evidence before us does not establish that there is an Article 15(c) risk to an ordinary civilian in the IKR; and neither does a person’s ethnicity, religion or sex, whether taken individually or cumulatively, enhance the level of risk so as to engage Article 15(c).
- Introduction
- Iraq
- ) v Secretary of State for the Home Department
- The Evidence – A Summary
- Written Evidence of Dr Fatah
- Oral Evidence of Dr Fatah
- MK (documents – relocation)
- Amnesty International
- Home Office Country Information
- UNHCR’s position paper
- Existing Country Guidance
- HF (
- ) and others
- The Submissions – A Summary
- Appellant’s skeleton argument
- Appellant’s oral submissions
- Respondent’s skeleton argument
- Article 15(c) of the Qualification Directive
- Legal Framework
- MOJ & Ors (return to Mogadishu) Somalia
- Elgafaji v Staatssecretaris van Justitie
- Diakite v Commissaire general aux refugies
- Elgafaji
- Diakite,
- HM and others (Article 15(c) Iraq
- HM (Iraq)
- Article 15(c) - Discussion and Conclusions
- AK (Article 15(c)) Afghanistan
- Iraqi Kurdish Region (IKR)
- Erbil, Sulaymaniyah and Dahuk
- The Southern Governorates – Basra, Kerbala, Najaf, Muthana, Thi-Qar, Missan, Qadissiya and Wassit
- Baghdad City
- Internal relocation
- Legal Framework
- Januzi v Secretary of State for the Home Department
- AH (Sudan) & others (FC)
- Places of Return
- only
- HF (Iraq
- I accept, as Mr Fordham submits, that it would be necessary for the court to consider whether the appellants would be at risk on return if their return were feasible, but I do not accept that the Tribunal has to ask itself the hypothetical question of what would happen on return if that is simply not possible for one reason or another
- INDISCRIMINATE VIOLENCE IN IRAQ: ARTICLE 15(C) OF THE QUALIFICATION DIRECTIVE
- Secretary of State for the Home Department
- DOCUMENTATION AND FEASIBILITY OF RETURN (excluding IKR)
- HF (Iraq) and Others v Secretary of State for the Home Department
- POSITION ON DOCUMENTATION WHERE RETURN IS FEASIBLE
- IRAQI KURDISH REGION
- F. EXISTING COUNTRY GUIDANCE DECISIONS
- The Appellant’s Case
- Documents before the Upper Tribunal