Other matters
Other matters
I note that Mr Dunn’s lawyers, Brook Martin, sent a letter to Mr Kazolides and Mr Stylianou on 30 November 2010 giving one month’s notice of termination of the JVA (as amended by the SJVA). This was defined in the letter as a “Termination Notice”, a term which has particular contractual consequences under the JVA. I note that neither party contended that this letter had any contractual effect under the JVA and it was not relied on by Mr Kazolides as a ground of defence. The effect of the letter raised questions of fact (including whether the notice was withdrawn or agreed by the parties not to have effect) and questions of law and if Mr Kazolides wanted to pursue such a point, he would have had to plead it, which he had not.
Some time was spent at trial considering the sale of 6 villas to Black Flamingo in 2019 and whether this was a breach of the JVA. I agree that the transactions with Black Flamingo were highly unorthodox and were not arms-length transactions. The Defendant characterised them as shams and I agree that there is a serious question about whether they were legally enforceable. Nonetheless, I do not consider that they ultimately have a bearing on this dispute in light of my finding that the claims are statute barred and that the guarantee had also long since been discharged.
- Heading
- I direct that no official shorthand note shall be taken of this Judgment and that copies of this version as handed down may be treated as authentic Introduction
- The Parties and other relevant persons
- The Land
- The Contractual Arrangements
- General Observations on the Evidence The oral witness evidence
- The recollection of witnesses generally
- The central issues for determination
- The Construction Issues
- The profit sharing arrangements under the JVA
- The payment waterfall under the JVA
- The Guarantee Validity Issues
- Validity Issue 1: Did Mr Kazolides provide a guarantee under the JVA?
- The argument that the joint venture was intended to be a 50/50 arrangement and the guarantee is inconsistent with that arrangement
- The failure to name Mr Kazolides expressly and the Statute of Frauds
- Whether Mr Michael had authority to enter the guarantee
- Validity Issue 2: Should clause 18 be rectified to name Mr Kazolides as the Guarantor?
- The Limitation Issues
- Limitation Issue 1: Is the Limitation Period 6 or 12 years?
- Limitation Issue 2: What is the test for insolvency under clause 5(c)?
- Limitation Issue 3: Was the Company in default more than 6 / 12 years before the issue of the claim?
- The expert evidence on valuation of the Property
- The Liabilities of the Company in March and December 2010
- The solvency of the Company in early March 2010
- Cashflow insolvency
- Legal Principles
- Variation of the contract between creditor and debtor
- Agreement between creditor and debtor to give debtor additional time to pay
- Breach by the creditor
- Grounds for Discharge
- Discharge Ground 1: Material change in the JVA due to the execution of the SJVA
- Discharge Ground 2: Mr Dunn giving an extension of time for payment by the Company
- Discharge Ground 3: Breaches of or a departure from the terms of the JVA in relation to the timing of the sale of the villas and other matters relating to the joint venture
- Discharge Ground 4: An oral agreement between Mr Dunn and Mr Kazolides
- Other matters
- Conclusions
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