Deos and RC
Deos and RC
An individual whose initials were RC was, for a short time, engaged as a sales agent for Deos but was unsuccessful in generating sales leads during his tenure. In more detail:
Mr Smith first encountered RC in December 2021, when he was an agent working on behalf of Prestek Computing Ltd (“Prestek”);
Prestek made contact Deos as a consequence of Deos’ presence on IPT;
Deos did background checks on Prestek but not on RC personally; Deos did not consider him sufficiently senior to merit a background check;
Deos did a single transaction with Prestek, a sale of 910 Airpods in February 2022;
RC told Mr Smith that he had a lot of contacts in the industry and might be able to find customers for Deos;
From February 2022 Deos trialled an arrangement with RC: Deos sent him anonymised lists of the stock offers received from Estanza (RC was not told who Deos was buying from); RC’s task was to see if he could sell stock, and in return Deos would pay a commission on a successful sale. RC was not authorised to close a deal on behalf of Deos; any sales leads he generated would need to be reviewed and approved by Mr Smith before they could proceed;
the arrangement was not successful: RC put Deos in contact with only two counterparties of which it wasn’t already aware, both of which proved to be unreliable customers;
RC’s total compensation for his work for Deos was £550.
HMRC adduced evidence as follows (although this information was not known to Deos at the time of the purchases):
RC was disqualified as a director for 10 years having been the principal behind Perfect Computing Ltd, a company that was previously denied input tax claims on Kittel grounds, having been involved in tax loss chains and stolen goods. Perfect Computing Ltd also operated as a missing trader, failing to declare acquisition tax on transactions. The company was deregistered for VAT in February 2020;
Prestek had been involved in tax loss transaction chains in which Perfect was the defaulter, which led to the denial of Prestek’s input VAT claims on Kittel grounds.
- Heading
- These were appeals against HMRC’s
- The issues for the Tribunal
- Evidence
- FINDINGS OF FACT
- The supply chain in relation to the purchases
- Deos and its business
- Spring 2021: Deos starts buying and selling, wholesale, electronic consumer goods like Apple AirPods
- August 2021: Deos starts buying from Estanza
- Deos’ pattern of trading with Estanza
- Examples showing commercial risks taken by Deos in its trading pattern with Estanza
- The break in Deos’ trading with Estanza in December 2021-February 2022
- Things said about VAT fraud in Mr Smith’s WhatsApp messaging with his contact at RCS Holland BV
- Deos and RC
- Deos’ interactions with HMRC concerning VAT fraud
- Estanza’s VAT deregistration and reregistration
- SUMMARY OF RELEVANT LAW
- Mobilx
- Other authorities on Kittel principles
- HMRC’s pleadings
- THE PARTIES’ CASES
- Deos’ general awareness of MTIC fraud
- The suspiciousness of the market in which Deos was dealing
- Inadequacy of Deos’ due diligence and of its “break” in trading with Estanza in December 2021-February 2022
- The unlikelihood of coincidence that so many of Deos’ transactions should have traced to fraudulent tax losses
- Other points
- HMRC’s concluding submissions
- Deos’ case on its state of knowledge
- Deos’ procedural arguments (and HMRC’s response)
- were not mentioned in HMRC’s statement of case, and so should not be considered by the Tribunal, in keeping with the principle in E Buyer of HMRC having to give properly informative particulars of the
- DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
- Stage 1: persuasive direct evidence of knowledge on the part of Mr Smith?
- Stage 2: were the circumstances of the purchases sufficiently suspicious so as to draw an inference of knowledge (of connection with VAT fraud) on the part of Mr Smith/Deos?
- Stage 3: were the circumstances of the purchases sufficiently suspicious that a reasonable businessperson would have known that they were connected with fraudulent VAT evasion; put differently, was th
- Conclusions
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