Things said about VAT fraud in Mr Smith’s WhatsApp messaging with his contact at RCS Holland BV
Things said about VAT fraud in Mr Smith’s WhatsApp messaging with his contact at RCS Holland BV
In Mr Smith’s WhatsApp messaging with his contact at RCS Holland BV (“RCS”), the following was said:
in November 2021, Mr Smith was asking his RCS contact if she had heard of Flashtech. In her response, the RCS contact said that they were “big big big liars” and also “deep in VAT fraud”;
on 1 December 2021, the RCS contact informed Mr Smith that in every shipment Deos had made to RCS, a small quantity of fakes had been inserted; Mr Smith’s reaction to this was to express anger; the RCS contact said she did not blame Deos, or its supplier but she thought it was “before that one”; Mr Smith said that he was going to ask for Deos’ money back, so Deos could pay back RCS; but he said he did not want to ask “now”;
on 7 December 2021, Mr Smith was saying to his RCS contact that he was trying to reach his supplier, without success; he said it was “bloody strange” and that he just hoped his supplier had not “done a runner with all the VAT I paid him”;
on 8 December 2021 Mr Smith was indicating to his RCS contact that he was trying to get hold of his supplier’s supplier;
on 4 January 2022 Mr Smith told his RCS contact that his best supplier was not his best supplier as he was a “crook”; the supplier had “done a bunk with millions worth of VAT”; Mr Smith said he would probably now have an investigation, which was “fine” as he had “done everything by the book”;
on 13 January 2022 Mr Smith told his RCS contact that “another supplier of mine is bent”; he explained that “bent” meant “a VAT fraud”; Mr Smith explained in cross examination that he was referring here to Thames, which had had a visit from HMRC in December 2021; Mr Smith also told his RCS contact that he was now finding good suppliers that pay their taxes, as “otherwise the tax man comes after me”. He said that the reason RCS had so much stock from Deos was that Deos’ supplier “was selling everything at a loss but keeping the VAT, which is 20%, so he had done a bunk with about 10 million pounds worth of tax”;
in March 2022, when the RCS contact observed that Deos’ prices were much higher than in January, Mr Smith responded: “that’s because my last supplier was a crook and was not paying his VAT”;
in April 2022, as part of a price negotiation dialogue, Mr Smith again said that his “last supplier” was “bent”.
In cross examination, Mr Smith put down some of these statements to bluster and his attempting to negotiate a better price from his customer.
- Heading
- These were appeals against HMRC’s
- The issues for the Tribunal
- Evidence
- FINDINGS OF FACT
- The supply chain in relation to the purchases
- Deos and its business
- Spring 2021: Deos starts buying and selling, wholesale, electronic consumer goods like Apple AirPods
- August 2021: Deos starts buying from Estanza
- Deos’ pattern of trading with Estanza
- Examples showing commercial risks taken by Deos in its trading pattern with Estanza
- The break in Deos’ trading with Estanza in December 2021-February 2022
- Things said about VAT fraud in Mr Smith’s WhatsApp messaging with his contact at RCS Holland BV
- Deos and RC
- Deos’ interactions with HMRC concerning VAT fraud
- Estanza’s VAT deregistration and reregistration
- SUMMARY OF RELEVANT LAW
- Mobilx
- Other authorities on Kittel principles
- HMRC’s pleadings
- THE PARTIES’ CASES
- Deos’ general awareness of MTIC fraud
- The suspiciousness of the market in which Deos was dealing
- Inadequacy of Deos’ due diligence and of its “break” in trading with Estanza in December 2021-February 2022
- The unlikelihood of coincidence that so many of Deos’ transactions should have traced to fraudulent tax losses
- Other points
- HMRC’s concluding submissions
- Deos’ case on its state of knowledge
- Deos’ procedural arguments (and HMRC’s response)
- were not mentioned in HMRC’s statement of case, and so should not be considered by the Tribunal, in keeping with the principle in E Buyer of HMRC having to give properly informative particulars of the
- DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
- Stage 1: persuasive direct evidence of knowledge on the part of Mr Smith?
- Stage 2: were the circumstances of the purchases sufficiently suspicious so as to draw an inference of knowledge (of connection with VAT fraud) on the part of Mr Smith/Deos?
- Stage 3: were the circumstances of the purchases sufficiently suspicious that a reasonable businessperson would have known that they were connected with fraudulent VAT evasion; put differently, was th
- Conclusions
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