– see the UT decision in Perrin v The Commissioners for Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs [2018] UKUT 156 (TCC) (“ Perrin ”) at paragraphs [81] to [83]
– see the UT decision in Perrin v The Commissioners for Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs [2018] UKUT 156 (TCC) (“Perrin”) at paragraphs [81] to [83].
The discount for disclosure
Mr Gordon made three separate points on this, as follows.
First, he said that, whilst he accepted that the Appellant’s disclosure of the disposal of 8 Wigshaw Lane had been “prompted”, by virtue of Officer Weir’s letter of 29 August 2017, the Appellant’s disclosure of the disposal of the other three Properties had been “unprompted” and therefore the correct range for any penalty in the case of the Appellant’s failure to notify the gains on each of those three Properties was 10% to 30% – and not 20% to 30% – of the potential lost revenue.
Secondly, he said that the practice of the Respondents described in paragraph 120 above, which was the one that had been adopted in this case in the SOC, was not in accordance with the terms of paragraph 13 of Schedule 41.
The way in which that paragraph operated was that:
paragraph 13(1) of Schedule 41 provided that, where the person who would otherwise be liable to a standard penalty had made a disclosure, the Respondents were obliged to reduce the standard percentage to one that reflected the quality of the disclosure; and
paragraphs 13(2) and 13(3) of Schedule 41 then provided that the standard percentage could not be reduced to a percentage below the minimum percentage.
The above meant that whatever percentage the Respondents considered to be appropriate to reflect the quality of the disclosure was required to be applied to the standard percentage and deducted from the standard percentage to calculate the percentage of the penalty, subject only to the fact that that percentage could not be lower than the minimum amount specified in paragraphs 13(2) and 13(3) of Schedule 41.
In this case, the Respondents had indicated in the SOC that they considered 70% to be the appropriate discount for the disclosure which the Appellant had made. The method described in paragraph 138 above meant that that figure needed to be applied to the standard percentage (30% in this case) to give rise to a discount of 21% under paragraph 13(1) of Schedule 41 but then the discount needed to be reduced to 20% under paragraphs 13(2) and 13(3) of Schedule 41 so as to ensure that the penalty percentage was no lower than the minimum of 10%.
However, the Respondents had instead applied the discount to the difference between the standard and minimum percentages in each case and deducted the amount so calculated from the standard percentage. This led to an unreasonably high penalty percentage.
Finally, he said that, in any event, the percentage discount of 70% for the Appellant’s disclosure was too low and that he was entitled to a discount of 100% due to the quality of that disclosure. The Appellant’s disclosure had been full and prompt. He had answered the Respondents’ questions, provided the Respondents with access to such records as he had and explained the reason for his failure to notify. The extent of the Appellant’s co–operation had been such that, even allowing for the delays caused by his agent, the whole investigation had taken only a little over ten months. That level of co–operation deserved greater than the 70% discount provided by the Respondents.
In particular:
one of the reasons given by the Respondents for reducing the “Helping” element of the discount for disclosure was that the Appellant had not accepted that tax liabilities arose and continued to maintain that he intended to live in the Properties. That was not an appropriate matter to be taken into account when determining the quantum of a penalty; and
by his own admission, Officer Weir had not revisited the discount for disclosure after:
it had been held by the FTT (and upheld by the UT) that the Appellant had not acquired the Properties in the course of a trade; or
the Respondents had decided that the failure to file was not deliberate.
That was not appropriate.
- Heading
- Introduction
- The FTT Decision
- The UT Decision
- Introduction to the issues
- issue one – the principal private residence exemption
- The legislation
- dwelling–house as his only or main residence
- where the accommodation is provided for the better performance of the duties of the employment, and it is one of the
- No part of a gain to which section 222 applies shall be a chargeable gain if the dwelling–house or part of a dwelling–house has been the individual's
- “The application of section 222(8) is to be determined by the FTT in relation to all four
- The reconsideration shall be on the basis of the findings of primary fact made in the
- Findings of fact in the FTT Decision
- The documentary evidence
- The medical evidence
- The contract of employment
- The Appellant’s email
- The photographs
- The Appellant’s evidence
- Mrs Campbell’s evidence
- Officer Weir’s evidence
- Our impression of the witnesses
- Our findings of fact
- we have reached the following relevant findings of fact for the purposes of this decision
- Was it necessary for the Appellant to stay in his parent’s home in order to provide care to his father
- The Appellant’s intention to occupy
- Concluding comments in relation to our findings of fact
- Discussion
- By reason of employment
- “There are many decisions on the meaning of “by reason of employment” including in particular Wicks v Firth 56 TC 318. In John Charman v HMRC [2021] EWCA Civ 1804 (“ Charman ”) the Court of Appeal sai
- There was little, if any, dispute between the parties as to the correct test to be applied to determine whether an interest is acquired “by reason of” employment. It is not necessary for HMRC to show
- In Charman , The Court of Appeal emphasised that the FTT’s evaluation of this issue can only be challenged on appeal on limited grounds, at [46]
- There are numerous other authorities to the same effect On 25 October 2023, the Supreme Court released its decision in HMRC v Vermilion
- “If one approaches the question by asking, as suggested by Oliver LJ in Wicks v Firth , what it was that enabled Mr Campbell to enjoy the ability to reside in the family home, we do consider that the
- Necessary for the performance of the duties of the employment
- The Intention Condition
- Conclusion
- issue two – the penalties
- The legislation
- The terms of the remittance
- “ We instruct the FTT to determine, by way of oral hearing (either in person or remote)
- The reconsideration shall be on the basis of the findings of primary fact made in the
- Findings of fact in the FTT Decision
- The evidence
- The correspondence
- The explanation of the Penalties
- The witness evidence
- Our findings of fact
- Discussion
- Reasonable excuse
- – see the UT decision in Perrin v The Commissioners for Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs [2018] UKUT 156 (TCC) (“ Perrin ”) at paragraphs [81] to [83]
- Special circumstances
- Conclusions
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