we have reached the following relevant findings of fact for the purposes of this decision
we have reached the following relevant findings of fact for the purposes of this decision.
The reason for the Appellant’s residence in his parent’s home
Relevant finding – we find that, ever since his father first became ill in 2007, which, by definition, includes the whole of the period in which he owned the Properties, the Appellant was provided with living accommodation in his parent’s home solely because he was caring for his father.
Reasons – in reaching this conclusion, we recognise (and have taken into account) the fact that:
the Appellant had been provided with living accommodation in his parent’s home before he started caring for his father in 2007;
the FTT in the FTT Decision at paragraph [93] found as a primary fact that the Appellant’s parents would not have required the Appellant to leave their home if he had had nowhere else to reside and Mrs Campbell, in her oral evidence before us, testified to precisely the same effect; and
the Appellant’s parents were content to allow the Appellant’s brother to live in their home even though his brother was not providing care to his father.
However, the evidence of Mrs Campbell on this question was clear.
She said that the closeness between the Appellant and his father and the fact that the Appellant’s brother was permitted to live in their home did not mean that family ties were the reason why the Appellant had been provided with accommodation in their home after 2007. The Appellant’s situation was very different from that of his brother who, because of his financial status and mental health issues, was incapable of living away from their home. In contrast, the Appellant was perfectly capable of doing so and had the means to do so because of his qualification as a mechanical engineer. Mrs Campbell said that, after her husband became ill, had the Appellant not been required to live in her home in order to care for her husband, she would have wanted him to have his own home and he would have moved out.
We therefore conclude that, during the period in which the Appellant owned the Properties, the Appellant would not have been provided with living accommodation in his parent’s home had he not been providing care to his father. We would add that this conclusion is entirely consistent with part 2 clause 1;2 of the employment contract, which specified that employment accommodation would be provided free of charge “due to the high level of care needed for [the Appellant’s father]”.
- Heading
- Introduction
- The FTT Decision
- The UT Decision
- Introduction to the issues
- issue one – the principal private residence exemption
- The legislation
- dwelling–house as his only or main residence
- where the accommodation is provided for the better performance of the duties of the employment, and it is one of the
- No part of a gain to which section 222 applies shall be a chargeable gain if the dwelling–house or part of a dwelling–house has been the individual's
- “The application of section 222(8) is to be determined by the FTT in relation to all four
- The reconsideration shall be on the basis of the findings of primary fact made in the
- Findings of fact in the FTT Decision
- The documentary evidence
- The medical evidence
- The contract of employment
- The Appellant’s email
- The photographs
- The Appellant’s evidence
- Mrs Campbell’s evidence
- Officer Weir’s evidence
- Our impression of the witnesses
- Our findings of fact
- we have reached the following relevant findings of fact for the purposes of this decision
- Was it necessary for the Appellant to stay in his parent’s home in order to provide care to his father
- The Appellant’s intention to occupy
- Concluding comments in relation to our findings of fact
- Discussion
- By reason of employment
- “There are many decisions on the meaning of “by reason of employment” including in particular Wicks v Firth 56 TC 318. In John Charman v HMRC [2021] EWCA Civ 1804 (“ Charman ”) the Court of Appeal sai
- There was little, if any, dispute between the parties as to the correct test to be applied to determine whether an interest is acquired “by reason of” employment. It is not necessary for HMRC to show
- In Charman , The Court of Appeal emphasised that the FTT’s evaluation of this issue can only be challenged on appeal on limited grounds, at [46]
- There are numerous other authorities to the same effect On 25 October 2023, the Supreme Court released its decision in HMRC v Vermilion
- “If one approaches the question by asking, as suggested by Oliver LJ in Wicks v Firth , what it was that enabled Mr Campbell to enjoy the ability to reside in the family home, we do consider that the
- Necessary for the performance of the duties of the employment
- The Intention Condition
- Conclusion
- issue two – the penalties
- The legislation
- The terms of the remittance
- “ We instruct the FTT to determine, by way of oral hearing (either in person or remote)
- The reconsideration shall be on the basis of the findings of primary fact made in the
- Findings of fact in the FTT Decision
- The evidence
- The correspondence
- The explanation of the Penalties
- The witness evidence
- Our findings of fact
- Discussion
- Reasonable excuse
- – see the UT decision in Perrin v The Commissioners for Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs [2018] UKUT 156 (TCC) (“ Perrin ”) at paragraphs [81] to [83]
- Special circumstances
- Conclusions
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